In this study, we critically revisedupdated the checklist of native vascular plants of Mongolia. The checklist comprises 3,041 native vascular plant taxa (2,835 species206 infraspecific species) from 653 genera111 families, including 7 lycophytes, 41 ferns, 21 gymnosperms,2,972 angiosperms. In the angiosperms, we identified the 14 families with the greatest species richness, ranging from 50 to 456 taxa. Species endemism is also noted here; 102 taxa are endemic to Mongolia,275 taxa are sub-endemic that co-occur in adjacent countries. Since 2014, a total of 14 taxa have been described new to science based on morphological evidences. Moreover, five genera74 taxa were newly added to the flora of Mongolia. Based on our critical revisions, names of three families, 21 genera,230 species have been changed in comparison to the previous checklist, “Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia” (2014).