Anthropogenic phosphorus (P) inputs are rapidly altering terrestrial P cycling through plant – soil – microbial interactions; however, global patternsunderlying mechanisms driving these changes remain poorly understood. By performing a global meta-analysis of 1315 observations from 176 studies across diverse natural terrestrial ecosystems, we found that P addition increased P concentrations in foliage, stems, roots,litter by 62%, 114%, 100%63%, respectively. Soil total P, plant-available P,microbial P concentrations rose by 43%, 221%,70%, while leaf P-resorption efficiencysoil phosphatase activity declined by 23%15%, respectively. Stem Psoil phosphatase activity exhibited consistent trends across tropical, temperate,boreal zones, suggesting climate-specific P acquisition strategies. In addition, foliar P responses diverged among ecosystemplant functional types. These responses were primarily regulated by background soil total P concentration, precipitation, soil pH,P addition durationrate. Our findings provide critical insightsthe potential consequences of increasing anthropogenic P inputs in natural terrestrial ecosystems, improving our understanding of nutrient cyclinginforming future ecosystem management under ongoing global change.