Global rice production faces mounting challenges from abnormal temperature fluctuationsnitrogen-fertilizer-driven environmental pollution. Developing varieties that balance chilling resiliencenitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) offers a promising solution, but the molecular networks coordinating these traits remain poorly understood. Here we identify CHILLING PHOENIX (CHPO), a major gene underlying the quantitative trait locus shared by both chilling toleranceresilience. It encodes a MYB transcription factor that acts as a key regulator coordinating post-chilling recovery with nitrogen use in rice. Natural variation in a GCG-repeat-encoded polyalanine tract alters CHPO DNA-binding preferenceredirects regulatory outputs between the japonica-type (CHPO^jap)indica-type (CHPO^ind), causing opposing effects on chilling toleranceresilience. This allelic variation is shaped by domestication selection, with the CHPO^jap allele probably derived from Chinese wild rice. CHPO^jap directly targets OsTCP19OsNRT2.4 to fine-tune NUE, thereby enhancing chilling toleranceresilience. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for a chilling-induced high-nitrogen-utilization module that alleviates the damage caused by chilling stress,a potential molecular design strategy for breeding rice varieties with both chilling resiliencehigh NUE at the recovery stage.